Ruby/nokogiri/1.13.0
Nokogiri (鋸) makes it easy and painless to work with XML and HTML from Ruby. It provides a sensible, easy-to-understand API for reading, writing, modifying, and querying documents. It is fast and standards-compliant by relying on native parsers like libxml2, libgumbo, or xerces.
https://rubygems.org/gems/nokogiri
MIT
25 Security Vulnerabilities
Update bundled libxml2 to v2.10.3 to resolve multiple CVEs
Summary
Nokogiri v1.13.9 upgrades the packaged version of its dependency libxml2 to v2.10.3 from v2.9.14.
libxml2 v2.10.3 addresses the following known vulnerabilities:
Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.9, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 release announcements.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.9.
Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 >= 2.10.3 which will also address these same issues.
Impact
libxml2 CVE-2022-2309
- CVSS3 score: Under evaluation
- Type: Denial of service
- Description: NULL Pointer Dereference allows attackers to cause a denial of service (or application crash). This only applies when lxml is used together with libxml2 2.9.10 through 2.9.14. libxml2 2.9.9 and earlier are not affected. It allows triggering crashes through forged input data, given a vulnerable code sequence in the application. The vulnerability is caused by the iterwalk function (also used by the canonicalize function). Such code shouldn't be in wide-spread use, given that parsing + iterwalk would usually be replaced with the more efficient iterparse function. However, an XML converter that serialises to C14N would also be vulnerable, for example, and there are legitimate use cases for this code sequence. If untrusted input is received (also remotely) and processed via iterwalk function, a crash can be triggered.
Nokogiri maintainers investigated at #2620 and determined this CVE does not affect Nokogiri users.
libxml2 CVE-2022-40304
- CVSS3 score: Unspecified upstream
- Type: Data corruption, denial of service
- Description: When an entity reference cycle is detected, the entity content is cleared by setting its first byte to zero. But the entity content might be allocated from a dict. In this case, the dict entry becomes corrupted leading to all kinds of logic errors, including memory errors like double-frees.
See https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/644a89e080bced793295f61f18aac8cfad6bece2
libxml2 CVE-2022-40303
- CVSS3 score: Unspecified upstream
- Type: Integer overflow
- Description: Integer overflows with XMLPARSEHUGE
See https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/c846986356fc149915a74972bf198abc266bc2c0
References
Nokogiri has vulnerable dependencies on libxml2 and libxslt
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30560
- https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html
- https://crbug.com/1219209
- https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5216
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/09/msg00010.html
- https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-fq42-c5rg-92c2
- https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/nokogiri/CVE-2021-30560.yml
- https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/releases/tag/v1.13.2
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-59gp-qqm7-cw4j
- https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-23
Use after free in Blink XSLT in Google Chrome prior to 91.0.4472.164 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
Duplicate Advisory: Nokogiri updates packaged libxml2 to 2.13.6 to resolve CVE-2025-24928 and CVE-2024-56171
Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-vvfq-8hwr-qm4m. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
Summary
Nokogiri v1.18.3 upgrades its dependency libxml2 to v2.13.6.
libxml2 v2.13.6 addresses:
- CVE-2025-24928
- described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/847
- CVE-2024-56171
- described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/828
Impact
CVE-2025-24928
Stack-buffer overflow is possible when reporting DTD validation errors if the input contains a long (~3kb) QName prefix.
CVE-2024-56171
Use-after-free is possible during validation against untrusted
XML Schemas (.xsd) and, potentially, validation of untrusted documents
against trusted Schemas if they make use of xsd:keyref in combination
with recursively defined types that have additional identity constraints.
Integer Overflow or Wraparound in libxml2 affects Nokogiri
Summary
Nokogiri v1.13.5 upgrades the packaged version of its dependency libxml2 from v2.9.13 to v2.9.14.
libxml2 v2.9.14 addresses CVE-2022-29824. This version also includes several security-related bug fixes for which CVEs were not created, including a potential double-free, potential memory leaks, and integer-overflow.
Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.5, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 and libxslt release announcements.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.5.
Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 >= 2.9.14 which will also address these same issues.
Impact
libxml2 CVE-2022-29824
- CVSS3 score:
- Unspecified upstream
- Nokogiri maintainers evaluate at 8.6 (High) (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H). Note that this is different from the CVSS assessed by NVD.
- Type: Denial of service, information disclosure
- Description: In libxml2 before 2.9.14, several buffer handling functions in buf.c (xmlBuf) and tree.c (xmlBuffer) don't check for integer overflows. This can result in out-of-bounds memory writes. Exploitation requires a victim to open a crafted, multi-gigabyte XML file. Other software using libxml2's buffer functions, for example libxslt through 1.1.35, is affected as well.
- Fixed: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/2554a24
All versions of libml2 prior to v2.9.14 are affected.
Applications parsing or serializing multi-gigabyte documents (in excess of INT_MAX bytes) may be vulnerable to an integer overflow bug in buffer handling that could lead to exposure of confidential data, modification of unrelated data, or a segmentation fault resulting in a denial-of-service.
References
- libxml2 v2.9.14 release notes
- CVE-2022-29824
- CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Nokogiri Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
- https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-crjr-9rc5-ghw8
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24836
- https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/commit/e444525ef1634b675cd1cf52d39f4320ef0aecfd
- https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/releases/tag/v1.13.4
- https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vX7qSjsvWis/m/TJWN4oOKBwAJ?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-crjr-9rc5-ghw8
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OUPLBUZVM4WPFSXBEP2JS3R6LMKRTLFC/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XMDCWRQXJQ3TFSETPCEFMQ6RR6ME5UA3/
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/05/msg00013.html
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6DHCOWMA5PQTIQIMDENA7R2Y5BDYAIYM/
- https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-29
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/10/msg00018.html
- https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213532
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Dec/23
- https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/nokogiri/CVE-2022-24836.yml
Summary
Nokogiri < v1.13.4 contains an inefficient regular expression that is susceptible to excessive backtracking when attempting to detect encoding in HTML documents.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.4.
Severity
The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as High Severity 7.5 (CVSS3.1).
References
CWE-1333 Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Credit
This vulnerability was reported by HackerOne user ooooooo_q (ななおく).
Nokogiri affected by zlib's Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25032
- https://github.com/madler/zlib/commit/5c44459c3b28a9bd3283aaceab7c615f8020c531
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/24/1
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/25/2
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/26/1
- https://github.com/madler/zlib/issues/605
- https://github.com/madler/zlib/compare/v1.2.11...v1.2.12
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/28/1
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/28/3
- https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5111
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/04/msg00000.html
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NS2D2GFPFGOJUL4WQ3DUAY7HF4VWQ77F/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XOKFMSNQ5D5WGMALBNBXU3GE442V74WU/
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/05/msg00008.html
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VOKNP2L734AEL47NRYGVZIKEFOUBQY5Y/
- https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213255
- https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213256
- https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213257
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/33
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/35
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/38
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220526-0009/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DF62MVMH3QUGMBDCB3DY2ERQ6EBHTADB/
- https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220729-0004/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JZZPTWRYQULAOL3AW7RZJNVZ2UONXCV4/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DCZFIJBJTZ7CL5QXBFKTQ22Q26VINRUF/
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/09/msg00023.html
- https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-42
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-333517.pdf
- https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-v6gp-9mmm-c6p5
- https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/nokogiri/CVE-2018-25032.yml
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jc36-42cf-vqwj
zlib 1.2.11 allows memory corruption when deflating (i.e., when compressing) if the input has many distant matches.
Duplicate Advisory: Nokogiri updates packaged libxml2 to v2.12.7 to resolve CVE-2024-34459
Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-r95h-9x8f-r3f7. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
Summary
Nokogiri v1.16.5 upgrades its dependency libxml2 to 2.12.7 from 2.12.6.
libxml2 v2.12.7 addresses CVE-2024-34459:
- described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/720
- patched by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/2876ac53
Impact
There is no impact to Nokogiri users because the issue is present only
in libxml2's xmllint tool which Nokogiri does not provide or expose.
Timeline
- 2024-05-13 05:57 EDT, libxml2 2.12.7 release is announced
- 2024-05-13 08:30 EDT, nokogiri maintainers begin triage
- 2024-05-13 10:05 EDT, nokogiri v1.16.5 is released and this GHSA made public
Use-after-free in libxml2 via Nokogiri::XML::Reader
Summary
Nokogiri upgrades its dependency libxml2 as follows: - v1.15.6 upgrades libxml2 to 2.11.7 from 2.11.6 - v1.16.2 upgrades libxml2 to 2.12.5 from 2.12.4
libxml2 v2.11.7 and v2.12.5 address the following vulnerability:
CVE-2024-25062 / https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-25062 - described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/604 - patched by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/92721970
Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 release announcements.
JRuby users are not affected.
Severity
The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as Moderate.
Impact
From the CVE description, this issue applies to the xmlTextReader module (which underlies
Nokogiri::XML::Reader):
When using the XML Reader interface with DTD validation and XInclude expansion enabled, processing crafted XML documents can lead to an xmlValidatePopElement use-after-free.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri ~> 1.15.6 or >= 1.16.2.
Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against patched external libxml2 libraries which will also address these same issues.
Nokogiri Improperly Handles Unexpected Data Type
- https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-xh29-r2w5-wx8m
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29181
- https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/commit/db05ba9a1bd4b90aa6c76742cf6102a7c7297267
- https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/releases/tag/v1.13.6
- https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2022-031_GHSL-2022-032_Nokogiri/
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xh29-r2w5-wx8m
- https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-29
- https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213532
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Dec/23
- https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/nokogiri/CVE-2022-29181.yml
Summary
Nokogiri < v1.13.6 does not type-check all inputs into the XML and HTML4 SAX parsers. For CRuby users, this may allow specially crafted untrusted inputs to cause illegal memory access errors (segfault) or reads from unrelated memory.
Severity
The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as High 8.2 (CVSS3.1).
Mitigation
CRuby users should upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.6.
JRuby users are not affected.
Workarounds
To avoid this vulnerability in affected applications, ensure the untrusted input is a String by calling #to_s or equivalent.
Credit
This vulnerability was responsibly reported by @agustingianni and the Github Security Lab.
Out-of-bounds Write in zlib affects Nokogiri
Summary
Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored zlib from 1.2.11
to 1.2.12, which addresses CVE-2018-25032.
That CVE is scored as CVSS 7.4 High
on the NVD record as of 2022-04-05.
Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of
Nokogiri < 1.13.4, and only if the packaged version of zlib is being used.
Please see this document
for a complete description of which platform gems vendor zlib. If you've
overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of
packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's zlib
release announcements.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= v1.13.4.
Impact
CVE-2018-25032 in zlib
- Severity: High
- Type: CWE-787 Out of bounds write
- Description: zlib before 1.2.12 allows memory corruption when deflating (i.e., when compressing) if the input has many distant matches.
Update packaged libxml2 (2.9.12 → 2.9.13) and libxslt (1.1.34 → 1.1.35)
Summary
Nokogiri v1.13.2 upgrades two of its packaged dependencies:
- vendored libxml2 from v2.9.12 to v2.9.13
- vendored libxslt from v1.1.34 to v1.1.35
Those library versions address the following upstream CVEs:
- libxslt: CVE-2021-30560 (CVSS 8.8, High severity)
- libxml2: CVE-2022-23308 (Unspecified severity, see more information below)
Those library versions also address numerous other issues including performance improvements, regression fixes, and bug fixes, as well as memory leaks and other use-after-free issues that were not assigned CVEs.
Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of
Nokogiri < 1.13.2, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've
overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of
packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2
and libxslt release announcements.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.2.
Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link an older version Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 >= 2.9.13 and libxslt >= 1.1.35, which will also address these same CVEs.
Impact
- libxslt CVE-2021-30560
- CVSS3 score: 8.8 (High)
Fixed by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/-/commit/50f9c9c
All versions of libxslt prior to v1.1.35 are affected.
Applications using untrusted XSL stylesheets to transform XML are vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack and should be upgraded immediately.
libxml2 CVE-2022-23308 * As of the time this security advisory was published, there is no officially published information available about this CVE's severity. The above NIST link does not yet have a published record, and the libxml2 maintainer has declined to provide a severity score. * Fixed by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/652dd12 * Further explanation is at https://mail.gnome.org/archives/xml/2022-February/msg00015.html
The upstream commit and the explanation linked above indicate that an application
may be vulnerable to a denial of service, memory disclosure, or code execution if
it parses an untrusted document with parse options DTDVALID set to true, and NOENT
set to false.
An analysis of these parse options:
- While
NOENTis off by default for Document, DocumentFragment, Reader, and Schema parsing, it is on by default for XSLT (stylesheet) parsing in Nokogiri v1.12.0 and later. DTDVALIDis an option that Nokogiri does not set for any operations, and so this CVE applies only to applications setting this option explicitly.
It seems reasonable to assume that any application explicitly setting the parse
option DTDVALID when parsing untrusted documents is vulnerable and should be
upgraded immediately.
XML Injection in Xerces Java affects Nokogiri
Summary
Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored xerces:xercesImpl from 2.12.0 to
2.12.2, which addresses CVE-2022-23437.
That CVE is scored as CVSS 6.5 Medium
on the NVD record.
Please note that this advisory only applies to the JRuby implementation
of Nokogiri < 1.13.4.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= v1.13.4.
Impact
CVE-2022-23437 in xerces-J
- Severity: Medium
- Type: CWE-91 XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection)
- Description: There's a vulnerability within the Apache Xerces Java (XercesJ) XML parser when handling specially crafted XML document payloads. This causes, the XercesJ XML parser to wait in an infinite loop, which may sometimes consume system resources for prolonged duration. This vulnerability is present within XercesJ version 2.12.1 and the previous versions.
- See also: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-h65f-jvqw-m9fj
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in Nokogiri
Summary
Nokogiri < v1.13.4 contains an inefficient regular expression that is
susceptible to excessive backtracking when attempting to detect encoding
in HTML documents.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.4.
Denial of Service (DoS) in Nokogiri on JRuby
Summary
Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored org.cyberneko.html library to
1.9.22.noko2 which addresses CVE-2022-24839.
That CVE is rated 7.5 (High Severity).
See GHSA-9849-p7jc-9rmv for more information.
Please note that this advisory only applies to the JRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.4.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.4.
Impact
CVE-2022-24839 in nekohtml
- Severity: High 7.5
- Type: CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
- Description: The fork of
org.cyberneko.htmlused by Nokogiri (Rubygem) raises ajava.lang.OutOfMemoryErrorexception when parsing ill-formed HTML markup. - See also: GHSA-9849-p7jc-9rmv
Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type in Nokogiri
Summary
Nokogiri < v1.13.6 does not type-check all inputs into the XML and HTML4 SAX parsers.
For CRuby users, this may allow specially crafted untrusted inputs to cause illegal
memory access errors (segfault) or reads from unrelated memory.
Severity
The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as High 8.2 (CVSS3.1).
Mitigation
CRuby users should upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.6.
JRuby users are not affected.
Workarounds
To avoid this vulnerability in affected applications, ensure the untrusted input is a
String by calling #to_s or equivalent.
Nokogiri updates packaged libxml2 to v2.13.8 to resolve CVE-2025-32414 and CVE-2025-32415
Summary
Nokogiri v1.18.8 upgrades its dependency libxml2 to v2.13.8.
libxml2 v2.13.8 addresses:
- CVE-2025-32414
- described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/889
- CVE-2025-32415
- described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/890
Impact
CVE-2025-32414: No impact
In libxml2 before 2.13.8 and 2.14.x before 2.14.2, out-of-bounds memory access can occur in the Python API (Python bindings) because of an incorrect return value. This occurs in xmlPythonFileRead and xmlPythonFileReadRaw because of a difference between bytes and characters.
There is no impact from this CVE for Nokogiri users.
CVE-2025-32415: Low impact
In libxml2 before 2.13.8 and 2.14.x before 2.14.2, xmlSchemaIDCFillNodeTables in xmlschemas.c has a heap-based buffer under-read. To exploit this, a crafted XML document must be validated against an XML schema with certain identity constraints, or a crafted XML schema must be used.
In the upstream issue, further context is provided by the maintainer:
The bug affects validation against untrusted XML Schemas (.xsd) and validation of untrusted documents against trusted Schemas if they make use of xsd:keyref in combination with recursively defined types that have additional identity constraints.
MITRE has published a severity score of 2.9 LOW (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L) for this CVE.
Update packaged libxml2 (2.9.12 → 2.9.13) and libxslt (1.1.34 → 1.1.35)
Summary
Nokogiri v1.13.2 upgrades two of its packaged dependencies:
- vendored libxml2 from v2.9.12 to v2.9.13
- vendored libxslt from v1.1.34 to v1.1.35
Those library versions address the following upstream CVEs:
- libxslt: CVE-2021-30560 (CVSS 8.8, High severity)
- libxml2: CVE-2022-23308 (Unspecified severity, see more information below)
Those library versions also address numerous other issues including performance improvements, regression fixes, and bug fixes, as well as memory leaks and other use-after-free issues that were not assigned CVEs.
Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of
Nokogiri < 1.13.2, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've
overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of
packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2
and libxslt release announcements.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.2.
Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link an older version Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 >= 2.9.13 and libxslt >= 1.1.35, which will also address these same CVEs.
Impact
- libxslt CVE-2021-30560
- CVSS3 score: 8.8 (High)
Fixed by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/-/commit/50f9c9c
All versions of libxslt prior to v1.1.35 are affected.
Applications using untrusted XSL stylesheets to transform XML are vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack and should be upgraded immediately.
libxml2 CVE-2022-23308 * As of the time this security advisory was published, there is no officially published information available about this CVE's severity. The above NIST link does not yet have a published record, and the libxml2 maintainer has declined to provide a severity score. * Fixed by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/652dd12 * Further explanation is at https://mail.gnome.org/archives/xml/2022-February/msg00015.html
The upstream commit and the explanation linked above indicate that an application
may be vulnerable to a denial of service, memory disclosure, or code execution if
it parses an untrusted document with parse options DTDVALID set to true, and NOENT
set to false.
An analysis of these parse options:
- While
NOENTis off by default for Document, DocumentFragment, Reader, and Schema parsing, it is on by default for XSLT (stylesheet) parsing in Nokogiri v1.12.0 and later. DTDVALIDis an option that Nokogiri does not set for any operations, and so this CVE applies only to applications setting this option explicitly.
It seems reasonable to assume that any application explicitly setting the parse
option DTDVALID when parsing untrusted documents is vulnerable and should be
upgraded immediately.
Denial of Service (DoS) in Nokogiri on JRuby
Summary
Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored org.cyberneko.html library to
1.9.22.noko2 which addresses CVE-2022-24839.
That CVE is rated 7.5 (High Severity).
See GHSA-9849-p7jc-9rmv for more information.
Please note that this advisory only applies to the JRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.4.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.4.
Impact
CVE-2022-24839 in nekohtml
- Severity: High 7.5
- Type: CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
- Description: The fork of
org.cyberneko.htmlused by Nokogiri (Rubygem) raises ajava.lang.OutOfMemoryErrorexception when parsing ill-formed HTML markup. - See also: GHSA-9849-p7jc-9rmv
Nokogiri updates packaged libxslt to v1.1.43 to resolve multiple CVEs
Summary
Nokogiri v1.18.4 upgrades its dependency libxslt to v1.1.43.
libxslt v1.1.43 resolves:
- CVE-2025-24855: Fix use-after-free of XPath context node
- CVE-2024-55549: Fix UAF related to excluded namespaces
Impact
CVE-2025-24855
Use-after-free due to xsltEvalXPathStringNs leaking xpathCtxt->node
- MITRE has rated this 7.8 High CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H
- Upstream report: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/-/issues/128
- NVD entry: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24855
CVE-2024-55549
Use-after-free related to excluded result prefixes
- MITRE has rated this 7.8 High CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H
- Upstream report: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/-/issues/127
- NVD entry: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55549
Update packaged libxml2 to v2.10.4 to resolve multiple CVEs
Summary
Nokogiri v1.14.3 upgrades the packaged version of its dependency libxml2 to v2.10.4 from v2.10.3.
libxml2 v2.10.4 addresses the following known vulnerabilities:
- CVE-2023-29469: Hashing of empty dict strings isn't deterministic
- CVE-2023-28484: Fix null deref in xmlSchemaFixupComplexType
- Schemas: Fix null-pointer-deref in xmlSchemaCheckCOSSTDerivedOK
Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.14.3,
and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation
time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to
your distro's libxml2 release announcements.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.14.3.
Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile
and link Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 >= 2.10.4 which will also address these
same issues.
Impact
No public information has yet been published about the security-related issues other than the upstream commits. Examination of those changesets indicate that the more serious issues relate to libxml2 dereferencing NULL pointers and potentially segfaulting while parsing untrusted inputs.
The commits can be examined at:
- [CVE-2023-29469] Hashing of empty dict strings isn't deterministic (09a2dd45)
- [CVE-2023-28484] Fix null deref in xmlSchemaFixupComplexType (647e072e)
- schemas: Fix null-pointer-deref in xmlSchemaCheckCOSSTDerivedOK (4c6922f7)
Nokogiri updates packaged libxml2 to v2.12.7 to resolve CVE-2024-34459
Summary
Nokogiri v1.16.5 upgrades its dependency libxml2 to 2.12.7 from 2.12.6.
libxml2 v2.12.7 addresses CVE-2024-34459:
- described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/720
- patched by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/2876ac53
Impact
There is no impact to Nokogiri users because the issue is present only
in libxml2's xmllint tool which Nokogiri does not provide or expose.
Timeline
- 2024-05-13 05:57 EDT, libxml2 2.12.7 release is announced
- 2024-05-13 08:30 EDT, nokogiri maintainers begin triage
- 2024-05-13 10:05 EDT, nokogiri v1.16.5 is released and this GHSA made public
Out-of-bounds Write in zlib affects Nokogiri
Summary
Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored zlib from 1.2.11
to 1.2.12, which addresses CVE-2018-25032.
That CVE is scored as CVSS 7.4 High
on the NVD record as of 2022-04-05.
Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of
Nokogiri < 1.13.4, and only if the packaged version of zlib is being used.
Please see this document
for a complete description of which platform gems vendor zlib. If you've
overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of
packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's zlib
release announcements.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= v1.13.4.
Impact
CVE-2018-25032 in zlib
- Severity: High
- Type: CWE-787 Out of bounds write
- Description: zlib before 1.2.12 allows memory corruption when deflating (i.e., when compressing) if the input has many distant matches.
Nokogiri updates packaged libxml2 to 2.13.6 to resolve CVE-2025-24928 and CVE-2024-56171
Summary
Nokogiri v1.18.3 upgrades its dependency libxml2 to v2.13.6.
libxml2 v2.13.6 addresses:
- CVE-2025-24928
- described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/847
- CVE-2024-56171
- described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/828
Impact
CVE-2025-24928
Stack-buffer overflow is possible when reporting DTD validation errors if the input contains a long (~3kb) QName prefix.
CVE-2024-56171
Use-after-free is possible during validation against untrusted
XML Schemas (.xsd) and, potentially, validation of untrusted documents
against trusted Schemas if they make use of xsd:keyref in combination
with recursively defined types that have additional identity constraints.
Use-after-free in libxml2 via Nokogiri::XML::Reader
Summary
Nokogiri upgrades its dependency libxml2 as follows: - v1.15.6 upgrades libxml2 to 2.11.7 from 2.11.6 - v1.16.2 upgrades libxml2 to 2.12.5 from 2.12.4
libxml2 v2.11.7 and v2.12.5 address the following vulnerability:
CVE-2024-25062 / https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-25062 - described at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/604 - patched by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/92721970
Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 release announcements.
JRuby users are not affected.
Severity
The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as Moderate.
Impact
From the CVE description, this issue applies to the xmlTextReader module (which underlies
Nokogiri::XML::Reader):
When using the XML Reader interface with DTD validation and XInclude expansion enabled, processing crafted XML documents can lead to an xmlValidatePopElement use-after-free.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri ~> 1.15.6 or >= 1.16.2.
Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against patched external libxml2 libraries which will also address these same issues.
XML Injection in Xerces Java affects Nokogiri
Summary
Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored xerces:xercesImpl from 2.12.0 to
2.12.2, which addresses CVE-2022-23437.
That CVE is scored as CVSS 6.5 Medium
on the NVD record.
Please note that this advisory only applies to the JRuby implementation
of Nokogiri < 1.13.4.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri >= v1.13.4.
Impact
CVE-2022-23437 in xerces-J
- Severity: Medium
- Type: CWE-91 XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection)
- Description: There's a vulnerability within the Apache Xerces Java (XercesJ) XML parser when handling specially crafted XML document payloads. This causes, the XercesJ XML parser to wait in an infinite loop, which may sometimes consume system resources for prolonged duration. This vulnerability is present within XercesJ version 2.12.1 and the previous versions.
- See also: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-h65f-jvqw-m9fj
188 Other Versions
| Version | License | Security | Released | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.6.7 | MIT | 72 | 2015-11-30 - 04:21 | over 9 years |
| 1.6.7.rc4 | MIT | 72 | 2015-11-22 - 22:56 | over 9 years |
| 1.6.7.rc3 | MIT | 73 | 2015-09-04 - 17:34 | almost 10 years |
| 1.6.7.rc2 | MIT | 73 | 2015-08-31 - 13:51 | almost 10 years |
| 1.6.6.4 | MIT | 72 | 2015-11-19 - 20:58 | over 9 years |
| 1.6.6.3 | MIT | 73 | 2015-11-17 - 00:02 | over 9 years |
| 1.6.6.2 | MIT | 73 | 2015-01-23 - 18:53 | over 10 years |
| 1.6.6.1 | MIT | 73 | 2015-01-22 - 18:42 | over 10 years |
| 1.6.5 | MIT | 73 | 2014-11-26 - 21:07 | over 10 years |
| 1.6.4.1 | MIT | 73 | 2014-11-07 - 03:03 | over 10 years |
| 1.6.4 | MIT | 73 | 2014-11-05 - 04:32 | over 10 years |
| 1.6.3.1 | MIT | 73 | 2014-07-22 - 01:35 | almost 11 years |
| 1.6.3 | MIT | 73 | 2014-07-20 - 18:57 | almost 11 years |
| 1.6.3.rc3 | MIT | 74 | 2014-06-21 - 20:31 | about 11 years |
| 1.6.3.rc2 | MIT | 74 | 2014-06-17 - 17:04 | about 11 years |
| 1.6.3.rc1 | MIT | 74 | 2014-05-22 - 19:23 | about 11 years |
| 1.6.2.1 | MIT | 73 | 2014-05-14 - 01:21 | about 11 years |
| 1.6.2 | MIT | 74 | 2014-05-12 - 22:31 | about 11 years |
| 1.6.2.rc3 | MIT | 73 | 2014-05-09 - 22:00 | about 11 years |
| 1.6.2.rc2 | MIT | 73 | 2014-04-10 - 17:15 | about 11 years |
| 1.6.2.rc1 | MIT | 73 | 2014-04-06 - 20:37 | about 11 years |
| 1.6.1 | MIT | 74 | 2013-12-15 - 01:54 | over 11 years |
| 1.6.0 | UNKNOWN | 78 | 2013-06-10 - 14:38 | about 12 years |
| 1.6.0.rc1 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2013-04-23 - 17:32 | about 12 years |
| 1.5.11 | MIT | 68 | 2013-12-15 - 01:53 | over 11 years |
| 1.5.10 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2013-06-07 - 21:16 | about 12 years |
| 1.5.9 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2013-03-21 - 13:35 | over 12 years |
| 1.5.8 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2013-03-19 - 19:56 | over 12 years |
| 1.5.7 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2013-03-18 - 20:10 | over 12 years |
| 1.5.7.rc3 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2013-03-14 - 12:50 | over 12 years |
| 1.5.7.rc2 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2013-03-11 - 09:46 | over 12 years |
| 1.5.7.rc1 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2013-02-22 - 18:36 | over 12 years |
| 1.5.6 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2012-12-19 - 16:41 | over 12 years |
| 1.5.6.rc3 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2012-11-27 - 00:36 | over 12 years |
| 1.5.6.rc2 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2012-09-12 - 15:53 | almost 13 years |
| 1.5.6.rc1 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2012-07-11 - 18:06 | almost 13 years |
| 1.5.5 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2012-06-23 - 16:21 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.5.rc3 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2012-06-22 - 15:22 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.5.rc2 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2012-06-14 - 16:35 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.5.rc1 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2012-06-12 - 14:04 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.4 | UNKNOWN | 70 | 2012-06-11 - 15:09 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.4.rc3 | UNKNOWN | 72 | 2012-06-08 - 18:58 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.4.rc2 | UNKNOWN | 72 | 2012-06-08 - 15:26 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.4.rc1 | UNKNOWN | 72 | 2012-06-07 - 20:34 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.3 | UNKNOWN | 72 | 2012-06-01 - 13:53 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.3.rc6 | UNKNOWN | 72 | 2012-05-30 - 15:25 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.3.rc5 | UNKNOWN | 72 | 2012-04-27 - 14:55 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.3.rc4 | UNKNOWN | 72 | 2012-04-27 - 04:11 | about 13 years |
| 1.5.3.rc3 | UNKNOWN | 72 | 2012-03-26 - 22:07 | over 13 years |
| 1.5.3.rc2 | UNKNOWN | 72 | 2012-03-22 - 15:29 | over 13 years |